Despite the success of some immunotherapies, there are challenges that need to be addressed: - Toxicity: Immunotherapies can cause significant side effects, such as autoimmune reactions and cytokine release syndrome. - Resistance: Cancer cells can develop resistance to immunotherapies through various mechanisms, such as upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints or genetic mutations. - Heterogeneity: Tumor heterogeneity means that different cells within the same tumor can respond differently to treatment, complicating the effectiveness of immunotherapies.
