What are the Mechanisms of VEGFR-3 Activation in Cancer?
VEGFR-3 activation in cancer primarily occurs through the binding of its ligands, VEGF-C and VEGF-D. This binding triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt pathway and the MAPK pathway, which promote cell proliferation, migration, and survival. These pathways are critical for the processes of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.
