There are several classes of cytotoxic agents used in cancer treatment:
1. Alkylating Agents: These compounds add alkyl groups to DNA, causing cross-linking and strand breaks. Examples include cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. 2. Antimetabolites: These mimic natural substances, interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis. Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil are notable examples. 3. Plant Alkaloids: Derived from plants, these disrupt microtubule function, inhibiting cell division. Examples include vincristine and paclitaxel. 4. Antitumor Antibiotics: These are bacterial products that intercalate DNA and inhibit enzymes involved in DNA replication. Doxorubicin and bleomycin are key examples.
