HIF-1α regulates a variety of genes involved in different cellular processes. Key genes include VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) which promotes angiogenesis, GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) which facilitates glucose uptake, EPO (erythropoietin) which stimulates red blood cell production, and CA9 (carbonic anhydrase IX) which helps regulate pH. These genes help cancer cells survive and thrive in hypoxic environments.
