Cancer-detecting sensors operate by identifying specific biomarkers—molecules that indicate the presence of cancer. For example, in the case of biosensors, a sample (like blood or urine) is introduced to the sensor, which has a biological recognition element (like an antibody) that binds to the biomarker. This binding event generates a signal (electrical, optical, or magnetic), which is then measured and analyzed to determine the presence and concentration of the biomarker.
